Willful Ignorance and Clearing the Underbrush
According to 9th Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski, willful ignorance amounts to knowledge of criminal activity. This was reported earlier today.
Judge Kozinski is a well-regarded jurist. See
here, here, and here..
This jury instruction is known as a "Jewell instruction" in the Ninth Circuit.
One of dissenting judges,
Judge Susan Graber, said that this kind of instruction creates a crime that does not exist in the text of the statute, and that this instruction "transform[s] knowledge into mens rea more closely akin to negligence or recklessness."
So, if this is a serious problem, why has the "Jewell instruction" existed in the Ninth Circuit Model Jury Instructions? Why has it not been changed since 1976?
Labels: jury instructions, mens rea
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